On-Pump Beating/Non-Beating CABG in Stable Angina Have Similar Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: On pump beating/non-beating coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) has been compared in patients with unstable angina and/or severe left ventricular dysfunction. There is scarce evidence regarding the beneficial use of on-pump beating CABG in patients with stable angina and normal left ventricular function. Our aim was to study the postoperative results using both techniques in this group of patients. METHODS: One thousand one hundred and forty-five patients with stable angina underwent on-pump isolated CABG in Uruguay from 2011 to 2015. Patients were grouped into beating/non-beating CABG. Operative mortality and long-term survival were evaluated as primary outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to define the predictive role of aortic cross clamp (AXC) on prolonged inotropic support, ventilator support and intraoperative glycemia. RESULTS: Among the included patients, 988 underwent aortic cross clamp. No differences were found in operative mortality, stroke and long-term survival among both groups. Patients without AXC showed higher intraoperative values of glycemia and higher incidence of postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilator support (7.6% vs. 2.4%; P=0.001). The need for prolonged inotropic support was lower in this group of patients (27.4% vs. 49.5%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: On-pump beating CABG has similar operative mortality and long-term survival compared with conventional AXC. Higher intraoperative glycemia and higher incidence for prolonged mechanical ventilator is associated with on-pump beating CABG. On the contrary, higher incidence for prolonged inotropic support is associated with AXC. Taking these factors into consideration, both techniques are safe and allow the surgeon to choose the most comfortable option.

On-Pump beating/non-beating cabg in stable angina have similar outcomes

Abstract Objective: On pump beating/non-beating coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) has been compared in patients with unstable angina and/or severe left ventricular dysfunction. There is scarce evidence regarding the beneficial use of on-pump beating CABG in patients with stable angina and normal left ventricular function. Our aim was to study the postoperative results using both techniques in this group of patients. Methods: One thousand one hundred and forty-five patients with stable angina underwent on-pump isolated CABG in Uruguay from 2011 to 2015. Patients were grouped into beating/non-beating CABG. Operative mortality and long-term survival were evaluated as primary outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to define the predictive role of aortic cross clamp (AXC) on prolonged inotropic support, ventilator support and intraoperative glycemia. Results: Among the included patients, 988 underwent aortic cross clamp. No differences were found in operative mortality, stroke and long-term survival among both groups. Patients without AXC showed higher intraoperative values of glycemia and higher incidence of postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilator support (7.6% vs. 2.4%; P=0.001). The need for prolonged inotropic support was lower in this group of patients (27.4% vs. 49.5%; P<0.001). Conclusion: On-pump beating CABG has similar operative mortality and long-term survival compared with conventional AXC. Higher intraoperative glycemia and higher incidence for prolonged mechanical ventilator is associated with on-pump beating CABG. On the contrary, higher incidence for prolonged inotropic support is associated with AXC. Taking these factors into consideration, both techniques are safe and allow the surgeon to choose the most comfortable option.

Revascularización arterial coronaria mediante el uso de ambas arterias mamarias internas en pacientes con ángor estable. Datos nacionales / Arterial revascularization with bilateral internal mammary artery in patients with stable angina. National data

Introducción y objetivos: existe tendencia a procurar un aumento de los beneficios de la cirugía de revascularización mediante el uso de ambas arterias mamarias internas (DAMI). Nuestro objetivo fue analizar los resultados nacionales a largo plazo del uso de DAMI en una población de pacientes con ángor estable con indicación de revascularización aislada. Métodos: se recabaron los datos de pacientes operados desde 2006 a 2015 en Uruguay. Se extrajeron variables demográficas, operatorias y de seguimiento. Evaluamos mortalidad operatoria, mediastinitis y sobrevida. Estratificamos la población por edad en menor o mayor o igual a 65 años. Para disminuir la heterogeneidad entre grupos realizamos comparación mediante puntaje de propensión (PS) en menores de 65 años. Resultados: se incluyeron 2.791 pacientes. Los pacientes con DAMI eran más jóvenes (57,3?8,5 vs 65,9?8,6 años, p=0,001), con menor porcentaje de sexo femenino (15,6% vs 28,2%, p=0,001), menor incidencia de hipertensión (74,1% vs 79,8%, p=0,012) y menor Euroscore (1,35 vs 4,23, p=0,001). En ³65 años, DAMI resultó ser predictor independiente de mortalidad operatoria y peor sobrevida. En ?λτ;65 años pareados por PS, los pacientes con DAMI tuvieron mayor sobrevida, pero DAMI no fue predictor independiente para la misma. La revascularización completa en pacientes con una mamaria igualó la sobrevida a DAMI. La incidencia de mediastinitis fue similar en ambos grupos en todos los casos. Conclusiones: el uso de DAMI resultó perjudicial en pacientes 65 años. Dicha técnica ofrece mejores resultados en pacientes menores de 65 años, aunque su beneficio como predictor independiente parecería estar confundido por otras variables como la edad y la revascularización completa.

Introduction and objectives: there is a tendency to increase the benefits of surgery in coronary artery disease using both internal mammary arteries (BIMA). Our objective was to evaluate our long term national results in patients with stable coronary artery disease who receive isolated coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) using BIMA. Methods: patients operated between 2006 and 2015 were included. Patients' demographic, operative and postoperative variables were extracted. The outcomes were operative mortality, deep sternal infection and survival. Our population was stratified by age in ?λτ; and ³ 65 years old. In order to decreased group heterogeneity, propensity match (PM) was performed. Results: 2.791 patients were included. Patients with BIMA were younger (57.3?8,5 vs 65,9?8,6 years old, p=0,001), lower incidence of females (15,6% vs 28,2%, p=0,001), of hypertension (74,1% vs 79,8%, p=0,012) and lower Euroscore (1,35 vs 4,23, p=0,001). In patients ³ 65 years old, BIMA was an independent predictor for worse operative mortality and survival. In PM patients ?λτ; 65 years old, BIMA was associated with improved survival but failed to be an independent predictor for it. Patients who received single internal mammary artery and had complete revascularization had similar survival to BIMA patients. Deep sternal infection was similar between groups in both strata. Conclusions: the use of BIMA was found to be an independent predictor for worse outcomes in patients ³ 65 years old. BIMA has better results for patients ?λτ; 65 years old although its independent benefit is confused by other variables such as age and complete revascularization.

Cirugía de la insuficiencia cardíaca. En qué estamos hoy / Heart failure surgery. What are we doing today

Este capítulo aborda el concepto de cirugía de la insuficiencia cardíaca como aquella diferente al trasplante, realizada en pacientes con disfunción severa del ventrículo izquierdo de alto riesgo. Se hace hincapié en los procedimientos de revascularización miocárdica, miorreducción, remodelación del ventrículo izquierdo y cirugía reconstructora de la válvula mitral. Se analizan los criterios a utilizar para indicar la revascularización, tales como viabilidad, extensión de isquemia y anatomía coronaria y, por otra parte, se describen los posibles beneficios de la misma por sobre el tratamiento médico. Se revisan los resultados de los diferentes registros respecto a la cirugía de remodelación ventricular en los pacientes con grandes cicatrices y áreas disquinéticas. Por último, se describe el papel de la cirugía en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia mitral secundaria a remodelación y disfunción ventricular, con un breve repaso sobre los criterios diagnósticos de la misma, los diferentes procedimientos ya sea de sustitución o reparación según la situación anátomo-funcional y sus ventajas y desventajas.

This chapter addresses the concept of "heart failure surgery" as distinct from transplant, performed in patients with severe high-risk left ventricular dysfunction. Emphasis is placed on myocardial revascularization procedures, myocardial reduction, left ventricle remodeling and mitral valve reconstructive surgery. Indications for coronary artery bypass procedures such as viability, extension of ischemia and coronary anatomy are analyzed and comparison with medical treatment is described. Review of different registers regarding ventricular remodeling surgery in patients with large scars and dyskinetic areas is made. Finally, the role of surgery for the treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation due to remodeling and ventricular dysfunction is described. A brief review of the diagnostic criteria, possible replacement or repair according to the anatomical and functional situation along with its advantages and disadvantages is made.

56. Reemplazo valvular aórtico por miniesternotomía. Una opción prometedora con menor requerimiento transfusional intraoperatorio

Antecedente: la esternotomía es la incisión estándar en cirugía de sustitución valvular aórtica (SVA). Recientemente existe un interés creciente por alternativas menos invasivas, con menor repercusión sobre la integridad anátomo-funcional y la calidad de vida del paciente. La SVA por miniesternotomía, si bien descrita en la década de 1990 no ha sido demasiado desarrollada hasta los últimos años. Se plantean ventajas desde cosméticas hasta en el requerimiento transfusional. Sin embargo, la evidencia es pobre y existen menos de 10 estudios randomizados hasta ahora. Objetivo: comparar resultados intraoperatorios y perioperatorios entre dos grupos de pacientes que se realizaron cirugía de SVA por esternotomía convencional y miniesternotomía superior respectivamente. Material y método: se analizaron dos grupos constituidos aleatoriamente por el día de primera consulta: "A" cirugía convencional (n=49) y "B" cirugía miniinvasiva (n=34). Se excluyeron los pacientes con procedimientos quirúrgicos asociados y con cirugía cardíaca previa. Se consignaron prospectivamente las variables: edad, sexo femenino, FEVI, tiempo circulación extracorpórea (t.cec) y de clampeo aórtico (t.clamp), requerimiento transfusional intraoperatorio (RT), reintervención por sangrado (RSQ), tiempo de ARM (ARM), complicaciones neurológicas (comp.neuro), complicaciones respiratorias (comp.resp), bloqueo AV, FA (posoperatorios), estadía hospitalaria (EH), mortalidad (MO). El análisis estadístico se muestra en porcentajes (media ± desvío estándar). Se utilizó test de X2 de Pearson, corrección de Yates, test exacto de Fisher y test de Student, con un alpha=5%. Se verificaron supuestos de aplicación. Resultados: grupo "A" versus "B": edad 70,4±11,4 versus 72,9±11,9 años (ns), sexo femenino 39 versus 43% (ns), FEVI 55,3±11,8 versus 60±8,7% (ns), t.cec 85±26 versus 103,7± 25,8 (p=0,003), t.clamp 60±23,8 versus 70,3±15,9 min (p=0,04), RT 3,3±1,9 versus 2,2±1,3 (p=0,053) RSQ 1/49 versus 0/34 (ns), ARM 11,9±5,7 versus 11,9±2,2 hs. (ns), comp.neuro 0/59 versus 1/34 (ns), comp.resp 5/49 versus 3/34 (ns), bloqueo A-V 1/49 versus 1/34 (ns), FA 16/49 versus 5/34 (ns), EH 8,5 versus 9 días (ns), mort.op 2/49 versus 0/34 (ns). Conclusiones: nuestros resultados muestran menor RSQ, comp.neuro, comp.resp y mort.op. Existe una gran tendencia a reducción del requerimiento transfusional no significativa probablemente debido al n reducido. La SVA por miniesternotomía superior es un procedimiento seguro aun cuando prolonga discretamente el tiempo operatorio con una reducción notoria del requerimiento transfusional.

Predictors and Outcomes of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch After Aortic Valve Replacement.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate predictors of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) and its association with the risk of perioperative and overall mortality. BACKGROUND: PPM is associated with increased mid- and long-term mortality after surgical aortic valve replacement. Conflicting results have been reported with regard to its association with perioperative mortality. METHODS: Databases were searched for studies published between 1965 and 2014. Main outcomes of interest were perioperative mortality and overall mortality. RESULTS: The search yielded 382 studies for inclusion. Of these, 58 articles were analyzed and their data extracted. The total number of patients included was 40,381 (39,568 surgical aortic valve replacement and 813 transcatheter aortic valve replacement). Perioperative (odds ratio: 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.25 to 1.91) and overall (i.e., perioperative and post-operative) mortality (hazard ratio: 1.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 1.36) was increased in patients with PPM. The impact of PPM on mortality was higher in those studies in which the mean age of the patients was <70 years of age (and/or AVR with associated coronary artery bypass graft was included). Severe PPM was associated with increased risk of both perioperative and overall mortality, whereas moderate PPM was associated with increased risk of perioperative mortality but not of overall mortality. The impact of PPM was less pronounced in patients with larger body mass index (>28 kg/m(2)) compared with those with lower index. Predictors of PPM were older age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, larger body surface area, larger body mass index, and the utilization of a bioprosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: PPM increases perioperative and overall mortality proportionally to its severity. The identification of predictors for PPM may be useful to identify patients who are at higher risk for PPM. The findings of this study support the implementation of strategies to prevent PPM especially in patients <70 years of age and/or with concomitant coronary artery bypass graft.

Evaluación del músculo dorsal ancho (Latissimus dorsi) previo a la cardiomiopatía / Evaluation of the wide dorsal muscle (Latissimus dorsi) before cardiomyoplasty

La cardiomioplastia dinámica es una técnica quirúrgica utilizada en los pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática o cardiopatía isquémica en etapa miocardiopática para tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca. Consiste en envolver el corazón con el músculo dorsal ancho e implementar un cardioestimulador para coordinar la contracción entre el dorsal ancho y el músculo cardíaco. Es de interés conocer las características anatómicas del dorsal ancho en el preoperatorio a fin de determinar su adecuación al procedimiento o proceder a su acondicionamiento previo. A fin de determinar si es posible conocer las caracteristicas de este músculo, previamente a realizar una cirugía de cardiomioplastia dinámica, se evaluaron 30 posibles correlaciones entre variables de mediación incruenta en el cadáver y el dorsal ancho. Las medidas fueron tomadas sobre cadáveres por docentes del Departamento de Anatomía de la Facultad de Medicina de Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay. Se encontró que los diámetros subaxilar y subxifoideo y con menor poder de peso del cadáver se correlacionaron con el peso del dorsal ancho. Estos resultados permiten determinar en forma aproximada como será el músculo antes de la cirugía y orientar sobre nuevas investigaciones que deberán ser realizadas